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二十八夜叉大軍王名號

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: the names of the twenty-eight great generals of yakṣas

Senses:

  • *Aṣṭāviṃśati-yakṣa-mahāsenāpatīnaṃ-nāmāni ? (XZJ 183). A rakṣa or dhāraṇī told by the Buddha to Ānanda. It is for protecting the country and lists the names of the twenty-eight great generals 大軍王 (mahāsenāpati) of the armies of yakṣas 夜叉 that protect the country in the ten directions. The generals are divided into seven groups: four groups that each guard one of the four cardinal directions, the group that guard the four intermediate directions, the group that guards the zenith direction and the group that guards the nadir direction.

    The colophon ( XZJ 183.839c6) states that this text was translated by Tripiṭaka Ācārya Saṃghapāla, 僧伽婆羅—but it is not attributed to him in any of the Chinese catalogues or biographies. In the Āṭānāṭiyasutta, which contains the āṭānāṭiyā rakkhā, it is said that the four Great Kings (mahārājā) placed a guard of yakkha troops (yakkhasena), etc., to protect the four directions or quarters (D III 193). This sutta also gives a list of 42 yakkha generals, who can be called on for help when one is troubled by a yakkha (See D III 193).

    Dīgha and puṇṇaka are listed among the Chinese names as 地珂 and 分那柯 at XZJ 183.839c12. According to the commentary to the Āṭānāṭiyasutta the twenty-eight commanders of yakkhas, aṭṭhavīsatiyakkhasenāpatī, are the ones in the list of in the sutta. (Perhaps some of the 42 names in the list are attributes rather than names. See D-a III 969). In other commentarial Pali texts, there is also mention of the twenty-eight commanders of spirits but no complete list of them is given. 

    The twenty-eight great generals of the yakṣa armies 二十八夜叉大軍王 are also listed at the start of the Kongqiao wang zhou jing 孔雀王呪經, Mayūrarāja-dhāraṇī-sūtra, (The Peacock Kingʼs Protective-charm Sutra; T 984), which was translated by *Saṃghapāla 僧伽婆羅. In this sutra the Buddha tells Ānanda that he should learn the names of the twenty-eight great generals of yakṣas that protect the country in the ten directions and that "With this Great Peacock Kingʼs Protective-charm constantly protecting me I aspire to live a hundred years." 「以此大孔雀王呪。常守護我願壽百歲.」 (T 984.19.452b22)

    [Nyanatusita]
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    Entry created: 2012-08-08

    Updated: 2021-12-30