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二十空

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: twenty kinds of emptiness

Senses:

  • The twenty aspects of emptiness that show the principle in the context of all forms of existence:
    1. 內空 Internal emptiness—the six sense-organs are empty of inherent existence.
    2. 外空 External emptiness—the six objects (境) are empty of inherent existence.
    3. 內外空 Internal and external emptiness—both internal and external objects are empty of inherent existence.
    4. 空空 Emptiness of emptiness—nonsubstantiality itself is nonsubstantial.
    5. 大空 Great emptiness—the four noble truths 四諦 and twelve links in the chain of causation (十二因緣) are empty of inherent existence.
    6. 小 空 Lesser emptiness—the four steps of enlightenment are empty of inherent existence.
    7. 勝義空 The ultimate is empty; emptiness itself has also no substantiality.
    8. 有爲空 Emptiness of conditioned things—conditional forms are empty of inherent existence.
    9. 無爲空 Unconditioned emptiness—unconditional elements are empty of inherent existence.
    10. 畢竟空 Absolute emptiness—both conditional forms and unconditional elements are empty of inherent existence.
    11. 無際空 Emptiness of the unlimited—unlimited space, unlimited consciousness, etc. are empty.
    12. 散空 Analytical emptiness—emptiness by breaking down—when broken down, all existents arising through conditioned co-arising are seen to are empty of inherent existence.
    13. 無變異空 Unchangeable emptiness—all forms of existence are inconceivable as they are.
    14. 本性空 Emptiness of inherent existence; empty by way of its own nature; inherently empty.
    15. 自相空 Emptiness of characteristics specific to particular things (sva-lakṣaṇa)—the five aggregates (五蘊) are empty of self-characteristics.
    16. 共相空 Emptiness of general characteristics (sāmānya-lakṣaṇa)—general categories shared by different particularities are empty of inherent existence .
    17. 一切法空 Emptiness of all phenomena—all phenomena are empty of inherent existence.
    18. 不可得空 Unobtainable emptiness—all phenomena are unobtainable and have no nature to be grasped.
    19. 無性空 Emptiness of what lacks a nature—all existence is empty of inherent existence.
    20. 自性空 Empty of self-nature,—the substantiality of all forms of existence is in itself empty.
    〔大毘婆沙論 T 1545.27.691b3〕 [Charles Muller, Dan Lusthaus; source(s): Ui, JEBD]
  • Citing the Mahāparinirvāṇa-sūtra, Inagaki provides the following slightly different list: (1) 內空, internal emptiness, (2) 外空, external emptiness, (3) 內外空, internal and external emptiness, (4) 空空, the emptiness of emptiness,(5) 大空, great emptiness, (6) 勝義空, emptiness of the supreme principle, (7) 有爲空, the emptiness of conditional elements, (8) 無爲空, the emptiness of the unconditioned, (9) 畢竟空, ultimate emptiness, (10) 無際空, emptiness without beginning, (11) 散空, emptiness of dispersion, (12) 無變異空, unalterable emptiness, (13) 本性空, emptiness of the essential nature, (14) 自相空, emptiness of the characteristic aspects, (15) 共相空, emptiness of common aspects, (16) 一切法空, emptiness of all dharmas, (17) 不可得空, ungraspable emptiness, (18) 無性空, emptiness of no-nature, (19) j 自性空, emptiness of the self-nature, and (20)無性自性空, emptiness of no-nature and self-nature. [Charles Muller; source(s): Ina-Zen]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 813

    Bulgyo sajeon 716a

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 978a

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 217b/241

    Fo Guang Dictionary 179

    Ding Fubao

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)637a,2357c

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 1322-2

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 2001-09-08

    Updated: 2019-06-16