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二教

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: two kinds of teaching

Senses:

  • Dual division of the Buddhaʼs teaching. There are various definitions:
    1. The broadest distinction is that of great vehicle teaching 大乘教 and lesser vehicle teaching 小乘教.
    2. Tiantai has (a) 顯教 exoteric or public teaching to the visible audience, and (b) 密教 at the same time esoteric teaching to an audience invisible to the other assembly.
    3. The True Word school 眞言 by 'exoteric' means all the Buddhaʼs preaching, save that of the Mahāvairocana-sūtra 大日經 which it counts esoteric.
    4. (a) gradual teaching 漸教 and (b) sudden teaching 頓教, terms with various uses, e.g. salvation by works Hīnayāna, and by faith, Mahāyāna, etc.; they are applied to the Buddhaʼs method, to the receptivity of hearers and to the teaching itself. [頓漸二教]
    5. Tiantai has (a) 界內教 and (b) 界外教 teachings relating to the 三界 or realms of mortality and teachings relating to immortal realms.
    6. (a) incomplete teaching 半字教 and (b) complete teaching 滿字教 Terms used in the Nirvana Sutra, i.e. partial and complete, likened to Hīnayāna and Mahāyāna. [半滿二教]
    7. (a) 捃收教 and (b) 扶律談常教 of the Nirvana Sutra, (a) completing those who failed to hear the Lotus; (b) 'supporting the law, while discoursing on immortality,' i.e. that the keeping of the law is also necessary to salvation.
    8. Tiantaiʼs division of (a) 偏教 and (b) 圓教 the partial teaching of the 藏, 通, and schools as contrasted with the perfect teaching of the 圓 school.
    9. Tiantaiʼs division of (a) provisional 權教 and real 實教 temporary and permanent, similar to the last two. [權實二教]
    10. (a) mundane teaching 世間教 for this present ordinary life and (b) supramundane teaching 出世間教 the teaching of Buddha-truth of other-worldly happiness in escape from mortality.
    11. (a) fully revealed (Mahāyāna) teaching 了義教, and (b) incomplete (lesser vehicle) teaching 不了義教.
    12. The Huayan division of (a) indirect or uneven teaching 屈曲教 as in the Lotus and Nirvāṇa sūtras, and (b) direct or leveled up teaching 平道教 as in the Huayan sūtra.
    13. The Huayan division of (a) 化教 all the Buddhaʼs teaching for conversion and general instruction, and (b) 制教 his rules and precepts for the control and development of his order. [化制二教]
    [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, Soothill]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 807

    Bulgyo sajeon 709a

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 975d

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 1041d

    Fo Guang Dictionary 211

    Ding Fubao

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)4021c

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 1311-3*1312-1*1312-2*1312-3*1313-1*1313-2

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 2001-09-08

    Updated: 2007-05-29