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二障義

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: System of the Two Hindrances

Senses:

  • (Ko. Ijangui). A treatise that offers a comprehensive and detailed discussion concerning the various theories developed on the doctrine of the two hindrances 二障 found in the Yogâcāra and Tathāgatagarbha texts, by Wonhyo 元曉. HBJ 1.789–814. It is organized into five main sections:
    1. An analysis of how the various texts explain the hindrances as being constituted, especially in terms of such Yogâcāra categories as retributive moral quality; the distribution (or lack thereof) of the afflictions throughout eight consciousnesses; their conditions of manifest activity 現行 and latency 隨眠; their function in the situation of seeds 種子, karmic impressions 習氣, and perfuming 熏習; their categorization in terms of Yogâcāra dharma-theory, etc.
    2. An enumeration of their various functions, broadly subsumed in the two categories of those afflictions that produce karma and those that bring rebirth.
    3. An explanation of the rationale behind the various types of arrangements of the hindrances, including the groupings of afflictions into 128, 104, and ninety-eight; the perspective of the eight kinds of deluded conceptualization; the three kinds of afflictions, and the two categories of entrenched and arisen.
    4. An account of the Yogâcāra paths for the elimination of the hindrances. While all five paths are discussed, the primary focus is placed on what exactly occurs within the two supramundane paths of insight 見道 and cultivation 修道. This includes analyses of the relative virulence and subtlety of different types of mental disturbances, how the paths are actually applied in the circumstances of the two lesser vehicles and bodhisattva vehicles, and so on.
    5. A final chapter that treats discrepancies in interpretation between Mahāyāna/Hīnayāna, and between various Mahāyāna scriptures and commentators.

    An important component of this work is the comparison of a relatively standardized Yogâcāra interpretation of the hindrances (the 'exoteric' interpretation 顯了門) with the special take on the hindrances offered in the Awakening of Faith 起信論 (called the 'esoteric' interpretation 隱密門). It is one of the most instructive works available for understanding the Buddhist notions of affliction and the obstructions to enlightenment created by the discriminating human mind. See 二障 for further elaboration. Translated with annotation in Muller and Nguyen 2011 with the title “System of the Two Hindrances.”

    References:

    Muller, A. Charles. 2004-1. “The Yogâcāra Two Hindrances and their Reinterpretations in East Asia.” Journal of the International Association of Buddhist Studies 27 : 207–235.

    ----. 2006. “Weonhyoʼs Reliance on Huiyuan in his Exposition of the Two Hindrances.” Bulletin of Tōyō Gakuen University 14 : 1–16.

    ---- and Cuong T. Nguyen, eds. 2011. Wŏnhyoʼs Philosophy of Mind. Honolulu:  University of Hawai'i Press.

    [Charles Muller]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bussho kaisetsu daijiten (Ono) ⑧308d



    Entry created: 1993-09-01

    Updated: 2017-03-29