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八一功能

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: eight (marks) functioning with respect to the one (factor)

Senses:

  • The four subsidiary marks 隨相 (i.e., the lesser marks 小相) and the four primary marks 本相 of the conditioned (i.e., the greater marks 大相) define discrete functions of a singular dharma that take place during one moment in time 一刹那中. If these eight functions 功能 of the (1) arising of arising 生生, (2) arising , (3) abiding of abiding 住住, (4) abiding , (5) change , (6) change of change 異異, (7) cessation , and (8) cessation of cessation 滅滅 did not operate discretely, then the dharma would be arising, abiding, changing, and ceasing all at once.

    However, in the auto-commentary to Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya 倶舍論, Vasubandhu 世親 argues that this Sarvâstivādin 有部 doctrinal stance violates the doctrine of momentariness 刹那滅義 by presuming that all eight marks are present in a single dharma in a single moment. According to the standard Abhidharmic definition, a moment is the briefest duration of time that cannot be further analyzed into parts. For Vasubandhu, attempting to divide a moment into discrete parts is as futile as attempting to "carve up space"  分析虛空. In short, the Sarvâstivādin 有部 theory which maintains that eight marks are inherent in a single dharma in a single moment is said to contravene the definition of a moment as an indivisible duration of time. The Sarvâstivādin scholars defend the theory that eight characteristic marks pertain to each momentary dharma by positing an essence/function 體用 structure wherein a singular core entity can evince discrete (and even mutually incompatible) functions in a single moment (e.g., arising and cessation). The Sarvâstivādin theorists liken the arising, abiding, change, and ceasing of the eight conditioned marks in a single moment to a hen laying multiple eggs during the singular event of reproduction.

    [Billy Brewster; source(s): Ui, Nakamura]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 862

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 1102a



    Entry created: 2019-05-05

    Updated: 2019-06-01