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十地

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: ten stages

Senses:

  • Various sets of ten stages of practice are found in different texts and traditions (Skt. daśa-bhūmi, daśa-bhū, daśa-bhūmika, daśamī, daśamī-bhūmi). [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, Hirakawa, JEBD, Yokoi]
  • The best known set is the ten grounds, or bhūmis of bodhisattva practice in Mahāyāna Buddhism. They are the levels of practice that are only undertaken by bodhisattvas at an advanced stage of practice, and which directly precede the attainment of final enlightenment. They come after the three ranks of the worthies 三賢 (which include thirty stages). In the Yogâcāra forty-one stage path, these are the thirty-first through fortieth stages, and in the fifty-two stage path found in the Flower Ornament Sutra and other Tathāgatagarbha sutras, the forty-first through the fiftieth stages (Yogâcāra does not include the ten stages of faith 十信 at the beginning as do the Tathāgatagarbha texts). Each of the stages is associated with the subjugation or elimination of a certain type of obstruction to enlightenment (Skt. daśabhūmi). There minor variations in the content of the ten, depending on the text. A representative set of ten includes:
    1. 歡喜地 - The 'stage of joy.' (pramuditā) The stage where the wisdom of the middle path is first produced to benefit self and others, and where there is great happiness; , joy at having overcome the former difficulties and now entering on the path to Buddhahood.
    2. 離垢地 - 'freedom from defilement.' (vimalā) Dwelling in the principle of the middle path, to be able to enter the dust of the world of sentient beings, yet remain detached.
    3. 發光地 - the 'stage of emission of light.' (prabhākarī) The stage of following the buddha-path and emitting the clear light of wisdom.
    4. 焰慧地 - The 'stage of glowing wisdom.' (arciṣmati) The stage of the light of wisdom burning bright according to its clear cognition of the unborn nature of all existence.
    5. 難勝地 - The 'stage of overcoming the difficult.' (sudurjayā) The stage of overcoming the prior stage by emptying all nescience.
    6. 現前地 - The 'stage of manifestation of reality.' (abhimukhī) The stage where the practitioner is facing reality. The stage of manifestation of the aspect that in contemplating the Dharma, nirvana and saṃsāra are not two.
    7. 遠行地 - the 'stage of far-reaching.' (dūraṃgamā) The stage of attaining the middle way and advancing to a higher realm with every thought.
    8. 不動地 - The 'immovable stage,' or stage of being unperturbed (acalā). The stage of abiding peacefully in the wisdom of (no aspects) of the middle path without change.
    9. 善慧地 - The 'stage of wondrous wisdom.' (sādhumatī) The stage of using the skill of wisdom contemplation to enter the path of clear cognition regarding the unborn nature of all existence; knowing where and how to save, and possessed of the 十力 ten powers.
    10. 法雲地 - the 'stage of the Dharma-cloud.' (dharma-megha) The stage of attaining the level of Buddhahood, and covering the Dharma-world with wisdom and compassion like a great cloud. In Yogâcāra, the stage of 'virtual enlightenment' (等覺) is included here, being considered as within the limits of bodhisattva practice.
    Cf. 五忍. [Charles Muller]
  • The ten stages listed in the Prajñāpāramitā texts (also adopted by Tiantai, called the 'shared ten stages of the three vehicles'  三乘共十地), the ten stages of the Shared teaching 通教, stages of attainment shared by the śrāvaka, pratyekabuddhas, and bodhisattvas. These are attained after the bodhisattva completes the 十四向.
    1. stage of dry wisdom, i. e. unfertilized by Buddha-truth, worldly wisdom 乾慧地;
    2. stage of nature 性地; the embryo-stage of the nature of Buddha-truth, the four wholesome roots 四善根
    3. stage of the eighth person 八人地; also called the stage of the eight tolerances 八忍地,
    4. stage of insight 見地; of freedom from wrong views;
    5. stage of diminishment of afflictions 薄地; of freedom from the first six of the nine delusions in practice;
    6. stage of freedom from desire 離欲地; of freedom from the remaining three;
    7. stage of completion of discernment 已辯地 where the afflictions of the path of cultivation of the form and formless realms are eradicated; complete discrimination in regard to wrong views and thoughts, the stage of an arhat;
    8. the stage of the pratyekabuddha 辟支佛地, where the sharpness of contemplation removes a portion of the karmic impressions of the afflictions；, only the dead ashes of the past left to sift;
    9. the stage of the bodhisattva 菩薩地, wherein the knowledge of all particularities eradicates the remaining karmic impressions of affliction;
    10. the buddha-stage 佛地.
    The locus classicus for this list is in the Dazhidu lun. Oda/DFB have a detailed entry on this. Ref. 〔四教義, T 1929.46.777c10–25; 大智度論 T 1509.25.585a;摩訶般若波羅蜜經 T 223.8.259c12〕 [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
  • The ten śrāvaka  stages 聲聞乘十地 are:
    1. 受三歸地 initiation as a disciple by receiving the three refuges, in the Buddha, Dharma, and Saṃgha;
    2. 信地 belief, or the faith-root;
    3. 信法地 belief in the four truths 四諦;
    4. 內凡夫地 inner worldlings who contemplate the five objects 五停心觀, etc.;
    5. 學信戒 those who pursue the three disciplines 三學;
    6. 八人忍地 the stage of the tolerance of the eight person, equivalent to the Path of Seeing 見道;
    7. 須陀洹地 śrota-āpanna, stream winner;
    8. 斯陀含地 sakṛd-āgāmin, once-returner;
    9. 阿那含地 anāgāmin, nonreturner; and
    10. 阿羅漢地 arhatship.
    [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
  • The ten grounds of the Brahmāʼs Net Sutra are:
    1. the ground of equality of essential nature 體性平等地;
    2. ground of excellent wisdom of the essential nature 體性善慧地;
    3. ground of the luminosity of the essential nature 體性光明地;
    4. ground of the knowability (jñeya) of the essential nature 體性爾焰地;
    5. ground of the illumination from wisdom of the essential nature 體性慧照地;
    6. ground of the lotus-radiance of the essential nature 體性華光地;
    7. ground of the consummation of the essential nature 體性滿足地;
    8. ground of the buddhaʼs roar of the essential nature 體性佛吼地;
    9. ground of the adornment of the essential nature 體性華嚴地, and
    10. ground of entering the buddha-realm of the essential nature 體性入佛界. 〔梵網經 T 1484.24.997c27〕
    [Charles Muller; source(s): 梵網經]
  • The ten stages of the pratyekabuddha 緣覺乘十地 are
    1. perfect asceticism;
    2. mastery of the twelve links of causation;
    3. of the four noble truths;
    4. of the deeper knowledge;
    5. of the eightfold noble path;
    6. of the three realms 三法界;
    7. of the nirvana state;
    8. of the six supranormal cognitive abilities;
    9. arrival at the intuitive stage;
    10. mastery of the remaining influence of former habits.
    [Charles Muller]
  • The ten stages, or characteristics of a Buddha, are those of the sovereign or perfect attainment of wisdom, exposition, discrimination, māra-subjugation, suppression of evil, the six transcendent faculties, manifestation of all bodhisattva enlightenment, powers of prediction, of adaptability, of powers to reveal the bodhisattva Truth. [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
  • The Shingon has its own elaborate ten stages, and also a group 十地十心, see 十心; and there are other groups. (Skt.) [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
  • dix terres [Paul Swanson]
  • terre de la sagesse aride, de la nature, des huit, de la vue, de minceur, de la délivrance du désir, du discerné, des buddha-pour-soi, des bodhisattva, des buddha. [Paul Swanson]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 506

    Bulgyo sajeon 542a

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 485c

    A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki) 62, 161

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 148b/165

    Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi) 308

    Zengo jiten (Iriya and Koga) 1-P82, 9-P115

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 654b, 675a →

    Fo Guang Dictionary 419

    Ding Fubao

    Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa) 0217

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 923-1

    Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 1993-09-01

    Updated: 2010-11-17