Digital Dictionary of Buddhism

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十境

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: ten objects

Senses:

  • Ten objects of meditation 觀 in the Tiantai school, which are understood as ten ways of observing the mind:
    1. 陰境 The five skandhas;
    2. 煩惱境 lifeʼs distresses and delusion.
    3. 病患境 Sickness, or duḥkha, its cause and cure; as the result of observing (1) and (2), illness arises because an imbalance occurs among the four basic elements 四大 which comprise material existence. The source of this illness must be observed.
    4. 業相境 Past karmic influences; the past karmic experiences of the meditator appear are to be observed with equanimity until they vanish.
    5. 魔事境 The machinations of Māra; as a result of the pressure created in the prior meditation, Māra attempts to obstructed the meditator. The meditator has to observe these obstructive machinations until they disappear.
    6. 禪定境 The conditions of dhyāna and samādhi, which appear after subjugating Māra;
    7. 諸見境 When the contemplation process proceeds, there appear views (jñānas, insights), which seem to be the truth. These truth-like views have to be observed.
    8. 慢境 Pride in progress and the delusion that one has attained nirvāṇa; after the prior meditation is completed, a state of equilibrium comes into being, which is often mistaken for nirvāṇa, and the meditator develops the conceit of superior attainment 増上慢. This conceit has to be observed.
    9. 二乘境 After completing the prior meditation, overwhelming attachment to śūnyatā makes the contemplating person satisfied with the paths of śrāvaka and pratyekabuddha, preventing him from progressing to the higher path of Mahāyāna.
    10. 菩薩境 Bodhisattvahood: even after the prior contemplation is consummated, the mind of a bodhisattva of the various propaedeutic Mahāyāna teachings is different from the mind of a bodhisattva of the perfect teaching 圓教. Thus further observation has to be carried out in order that the aspirant may attain the insight of the ultimate teaching.
    〔摩訶止觀 T 1911.46.49b1〕 [Charles Muller; source(s): JEBD]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 459

    Bulgyo sajeon 523a

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) ---/149

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 592c

    Fo Guang Dictionary 481

    Ding Fubao

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)2231a

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 907-1

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 2001-09-08

    Updated: 2010-05-24