Digital Dictionary of Buddhism

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十宗

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: ten schools

Senses:

  • Ten ontological positions. The enumeration of the various ontological positions of Indian and Chinese Buddhist schools in a set of ten. There are variations in the ordering of these ten. The Huayan taxonomy by Fazang 法藏 is as follows:
    1. the self and dharmas are both real 我法倶有宗;
    2. dharmas are real but the self is not 法有我無宗;
    3. dharmas have no past or future 法無去來宗;
    4. the present world is both nominal and real 現通假實宗; that is, the five components of life are real but the six sense organs, six sense objects and six senses are temporary or unreal.
    5. the worldly view is delusion and the Buddhist reality is true 俗妄眞實宗;
    6. things are merely names 諸法但名宗;
    7. all things are empty 一切皆空宗; this doctrine corresponds to the elementary Mahayana teaching.
    8. there is an unchanging truth that is the essence of all things, and which is not empty 眞德不空宗; this doctrine corresponds to the final Mahayana teaching and is held by the Tiantai 天台 school.
    9. 相想倶絕宗 phenomena and their perception are to be gotten rid of; this doctrine corresponds to the sudden teaching as found in the Chan school
    10. all things exist in perfect harmony and mutual interrelation 圓明具德宗.
    Fazangʼs taxonomy is also called the Xianshou shizong 賢首十宗. [Charles Muller; source(s): Ui, Nakamura, JEBD, Iwanami]
  • Ten schools of Chinese Buddhism transmitted to Japan, as enumerated by Gyōnen 凝然 in his Hasshū kōyō 八宗綱要:
    1. The 律宗 Vinaya-discipline, or 南山宗;
    2. Abhidharma (Sarvâstivādin) 倶舍;
    3. Satyasiddhi 成實宗 school founded on the śāstra by Harivarman;
    4. Madhyamaka 三論宗 (or school of emptiness 性空宗);
    5. Lotus school 法華宗 (Tiantai 天台宗);
    6. Huayan 華嚴; (or Dharma-nature 法性; also the 'school of Xianshou'  賢首宗);
    7. Faxiang 法相宗 (or 'School of Ci'en'  慈恩宗, which is the East Asian form of Yogâcāra 唯識宗);
    8. Dhāraṇī school 眞言宗 (Esoteric school 密宗); [These first eight are listed in the main text of the Hasshūkōyō, with the last two included later in an appendix]
    9. Chan 禪宗, also known as the school of mind 心宗;
    10. Pure Land 淨土宗.
    [Charles Muller]
  • There are two old Japanese divisions: Ritsu 大乘律宗, Kusha 倶舍宗, Jōjitsu 成實宗, Hossō 法和宗 , Sanron 三論宗, Tendai 天台宗, Kegon 華嚴宗, Shingon 眞言宗, (Hīnayāna) Ritsu 小乘律宗 , and Jōdo 淨土宗; the second list adds 禪宗 and omits 大乘律宗, the addition being Zen. [Charles Muller]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 463

    Bulgyo sajeon 539a

    Iwanami bukkyō jiten 366

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 140b/155

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 593c

    Fo Guang Dictionary 443

    Ding Fubao

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)870a,1129c,1130a, (v.9-10)1195a

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 818-2*820-1-2*915-1

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 1993-09-01

    Updated: 2017-01-11