Digital Dictionary of Buddhism
可翁宗然
Pronunciations[py]Kěwēng Zōngrán
[wg]K'o-Weng Tsung Jan
[hg]가옹종연
[mc]Gaong Jongyeon
[mr]Kaong Chongyŏn
[kk]カオウソウネン
[hb]Kaō Sōnen
[qn]Khả Ông Tông Nhiên
Basic Meaning: Kaō Sōnen
Senses:
Kaō Sōnen (d. 1345) was a monk in the Daiō Branch 大應派 of Rinzai Zen. He was from Chikugo 筑後 (southern part of present-day Fukuoka prefecture). He studied from a young age under Nanpo Shōmyō 南浦紹明 (1235–1309) and received inka 印可 from him. Sōnen traveled to Yuan China in 1319 with a group of monks including Jakushitsu Genkō 寂室元光 (1290–1367) and Don’an Shun 鈍庵俊 (d.u.). He made the rounds of many celebrated masters, including Zhongfeng Mingben 中峰明本 (1263–1323), Juexue Shicheng 絕學世誠 (1270–1342), Yuansou Xingduan 元叟行端 (1255–1341), Gulin Qingmao 古林淸茂 (1262–1329), Wujian Xiandu 無見先覩 (1265–1334), and Duanyai Liaoyi 斷崖了義 (1263–1334). He returned to Japan in 1326. He resided at Sūfukuji 崇福寺, a jissetsu 十刹 temple in Chikuzen 筑前 (northern part of present-day Fukuoka prefecture), and after that at Manjuji 萬壽寺 and Kenninji 建仁寺, both gozan 五山 temples in Kyoto. During the Karyaku era (1326 and 1329), the governor of Izumi 和泉 (in present-day Osaka prefecture) established the temple of Zentsūji 禪通寺 and he invited Sōnen to lead the construction. Funds for the building project came from Saionji 西園寺 monks, the military commander Ishidō Yorifusa 石塔賴房 (1321–1413), and members of the Kajiwara clan 梶原氏. Sōnen was also invited to be the founder of the temple. After that, Sōnen received an imperial appointment to Nanzenji. In his later years, he became abbot of Enpukuji 圓福寺 in Kyoto, and later as the former abbot supported the restoration of Enpukuji. He retired to the Tenjun’an 天潤庵 hermitage at Kenninji. He died at Enpukuji in 1345 at the age of 70. His posthumous title is Fusai Daishō Zenji 普濟大聖禪師. Sōnenʼs disciple Daiyō Shūnin 大用宗任 and other students took over the Tenjun’an 天潤庵 as a mortuary sub-temple (tacchū 塔頭) dedicated to Sōnen. Zentsūji also became a branch temple of Tenjun’an. There is a theory that Kao Sōnen and the noted ink wash painter Kaō Ninga 可翁仁賀 (d.u.) are the same person, but this has not been proven.
[Lisa Kochinski; source(s): Ui,ZGDJT, Nihon jinmei daijiten, Kokushi daijiten]
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[Dictionary References]
Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 656
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Entry created: 2017-03-26
Updated: 2021-04-24