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四種禪

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: four kinds of meditation

Senses:

  • There are various lists of four. Two of the more prominent are the set listed by Zhiyi (see Inagaki-Zen, p. 354) and the set taught in the Laṅkâvatāra-sūtra. the Laṅkâvatāra gives:
    1. Meditation by ordinary people 愚夫所行禪 (Skt. bālôpacārikaṃ dhyānam), that consists in meditation on the selflessness of person 人無我 as well as suffering 苦, impermanence 無常, and impurity.
    2. Meditation that investigates reality-principles 觀察義禪 (Skt. artha-pravicayaṃ dhyānam), wherein one, having already grasped the principle of selflessness of person 人無我, also removes the non-Buddhist tendency for distinction between self and other, contemplating selflessness of dharmas 法無我.
    3. Meditation taking thusness as object 攀緣眞如禪 (Skt. tathatālambhanaṃ dhyānam) wherein one transcends the prior two meditations.
    4. The tathāgata meditation 如來禪 (Skt. tathāgataṃ śubhaṃ dhyānam).
    〔入楞伽經 T 671.16.533a2〕 (Skt. catvāri dhyāna) [Charles Muller; source(s): Ui,JEBD]
  • Another set, based on the Chanyuan zhujuan ji duxu 禪源諸詮集都序, is: (1) meditation by non-Buddhists 外道禪; (2) meditation by ordinary people 凡夫禪; (2) Hīnayāna meditation 小乘禪; (4) Mahāyāna meditation 大乘禪. [Charles Muller]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 404

    Bulgyo sajeon 383a

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 432d

    A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki) 354

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 290a/321

    Fo Guang Dictionary 1822

    Ding Fubao {Digital Version}

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 712-2

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 2003-04-14

    Updated: 2016-09-01