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有餘涅槃

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: nirvāṇa with remainder

Senses:

  • Nirvāṇa with residue. Nirvāṇa attained while living in this world. Nirvāṇa attained while still having a body. Also called 'lesser vehicle nirvana,' because it can be attained by śrāvakas 聲聞 and pratyekabuddhas 緣覺. The term refers to the manifestation of thusness coincident with the extinction of the afflictive hindrances. Abbreviated as 有餘依 and written more fully as 有餘依涅槃. Pre-Mahāyāna teaching held that the arhat after his last term of mortal existence enters into nirvana, but while finishing out this life he is in the state of sopadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa. This is a form of nirvana that is contrasted with nirvana with no residue 無餘涅槃 (nirupadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa). Mahāyāna holds that when the cause 因 of reincarnation is ended the state is that of 有餘涅槃 incomplete nirvana; when the effect 果 is ended, and 得佛之常身 the eternal Buddha-body has been obtained, then there is 無餘涅槃 complete nirvana. Mahāyāna writers say that in the Hīnayāna 無餘涅槃 'remainderless'  nirvāṇa for the arhat there are still remains of illusion, karma, and suffering, and it therefore has residue. In the Mahāyāna nirvana without residue these remains of illusion, etc. are ended. One of the 'four kinds of nirvana'  四種涅槃 in Yogâcāra theory. 〔瑜伽論 T 1579.30.789b20, 成唯識論 T 1585.31.55b27〕 (Skt. sopadhiśeṣa-nirvāṇa) [Charles Muller; source(s): Yokoi, Hirakawa, JEBD]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 64

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 69b

    A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki) 250, 354, 421

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 327b/364

    Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi) 817

    Zengo jiten (Iriya and Koga) 1-P81

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 88c

    Fo Guang Dictionary 2459

    Ding Fubao

    Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa) 0634

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)243a

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 119-3

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 1993-09-01

    Updated: 2009-08-19