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東山

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: Eastern Mountain

Senses:

  • An eastern hill, or monastery, general and specific, especially the 黃梅東山 Huangmei eastern monastery of the fourth and fifth patriarchs of the Chan (Zen) school. [Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
  • The Pūrvaśaila temple in India. See 弗婆勢羅. [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura]
  • Dongsan (1890–1965) Korean Seon monk born in Danyang County, North Chungcheong Province, South Korea. His secular name was Donggyu 東奎, and he was from the Ha family. As a medical student at Gyeongseong Medical College 京城醫學專門學校 in 1910, his interest in Buddhism was stimulated by a question from Seon Master Yongseon Jinjong 龍城震鐘: "You may treat the diseases of human beings through medicine, but how can you control the diseases of mind?" Upon graduating from the medical college in 1912, he renounced the world to become a monk at Beomeosa 梵魚寺. The next year he was ordained as a Buddhist monk from his teacher Yongseong and his preceptor Seongwol 惺月 (1871–1943) at the Diamond Precept Platform (geumgang gyedan 金剛戒壇). His Dharma name was Hyeil 慧日, and his ordination name was Dongsan. Thereafter, he studied the Buddhist doctrine under Master Hanam 漢巖 (1876–1951), practiced Seon meditation at the Beomeosa Seon center, and eventually became the spiritual leader 祖室 of Beomeosa in 1929. In 1937 he was selected as the spiritual leader of Haeinsa 海印寺 and devoted himself to teaching Seon.

    In March 1941, he lectured at the Dharma Assembly for the Transmission of the Teachings (yugyo beophoe 遺教法會), which was held with the purpose of spreading traditional Korean Seon, protecting the precepts, and succeeding to the traditional Seon lineage. This assembly, which contributed to forming the basis of the revival of Korean Buddhism, was led by over thirty eminent monks at that time at the Seonhagwon Foundation 禪學院 for ten days starting from the twenty-sixth of February 1941. Dongsan in the assembly emphasized that Korean Buddhism, as distorted by the influences of the colonization by Japan, should be reformed by re-establishing the tradition of Korean Seon. In May 1953, he issued a manifesto to all the major temples of the country to demand the correction of misbehavior by Japanese-styled administrative monks. In November 1954 he was selected as head 正宗 of the Central Council of Buddhist Reform 佛教淨化中央宗會. Upon completing the reform movement, he resigned all offices and returned to Beomeosa in August 1955. On the twenty-third of March 1965, he passed away at age 76. Dongsan left a significant legacy in modern Korean Buddhism by accomplishing the Buddhist reform for stimulating the spirit of Seon and for striving to restore the purity and independence of Korean Buddhism.

    [Eunhwa Jang]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 768

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 920d

    A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki) 409

    Zen Dust (Sasaki) 201, 244, 284

    Zengo jiten (Iriya and Koga) 5-P52

    Fo Guang Dictionary 3293

    Ding Fubao

    Han'guk bulgyo inmyeong sajeon (Yi) 77

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 1265-3



    Entry created: 2002-03-12

    Updated: 2014-08-10