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無行

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: lack of practices

Senses:

  • A lack of effort to help others (Skt. agatika, anabhisaṃskāra-parinirvāyin, apracarita, asaṃskāra, *asamudācāra, bhāṇḍin; Tib. mi sgrub pa). 〔發心修行章 HBJ 1.841b14; 瑜伽論 T 1579.30.305a20〕 [Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, Hirakawa, YBh-Ind]
  • For Skt. anabhisaṃskāra, Edgerton gives 'non-accumulation,' occurring often in the context of karman. (BHSD, p. 20b). The cessation of karmic processes in an individual. In the Dazhidu lun 大智度論, the term is used to denote that if a given proposition were true, the karmic process of action and consequence could not function. (cf. T 1509.25.60b29) [Charles Patton; source(s): Edgerton, M-W]
  • Wuxing. A seventh century Chinese monk who travelled to India and died there in the north (b. 630). He was from Jiangling 江陵 Jingzhou 荊州. He had the title of Meditation Master 禪師. A contemporary account of him and his journey in India is provided by Yijing 義淨 (635–713) in his Datang xiyu qiufa gaoseng zhuan 大唐西域求法高僧傳 (T 2066). Yijing met him in India and travelled together with him to Gṛdhrakūṭa-parvata 鷲嶺. Fasc. 2 includes some biographical details. His Sanskrit name was Prajñādeva 般若提婆 (慧天). He studied under Huiying 慧英 of Dafutiansi 大福田寺, who was an eminent disciple of Jizang 吉藏. He later travelled around China before studying under Daoxuan 道宣 (596–667). He took to sea with Zhihong 智弘 and arrived in Śrībhuja 室利佛逝 before eventually reaching eastern India. At Nālandā 那爛陀寺 he studied the full scope of Buddhist learning including Yogâcāra 瑜伽行派, Madhyamaka 中觀, Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya 倶舍 and the Vinaya 戒律. Later he went to the nearby monastery of *Tilaśākya 羝羅荼寺 where he studied logic 因明, in particular the works of Dignāga 陳那 and Dharmakīrti 法稱. He translated an account excerpted from the Sarvâstivāda Vinaya 一切有部律 of the Tathāgataʼs nirvana 涅槃 in three fascicles which was forwarded to China. In year 1 of Chuigong 垂拱元年 (685) Yijing was returning home and parted from Wuxing. Wuxing at the time was fifty-six years old. At the time of writing the biographies in 691, Yijing was unaware of Wuxingʼs whereabouts. However, Yamamoto (2012: 88) gives a death date of 674. Yijing also reports that Wuxing planned to return home through northern India. Zhisheng 智昇 (669–740) in fasc. 9 of the Kaiyuan shijiao lu 開元釋教錄 (T 2154) reports that Wuxing was on the way home when he died in northern India. The Sanskrit manuscripts he was carrying were ordered to be retrieved and later were deposited at Huayansi 華嚴寺 in Chang'an. Later Śubhakarasiṃha 善無畏 (637–735) and Yixing 一行 (683–727) retrieved a copy of the Sanskrit Mahāvairocana-sūtra 大日經 (T 848) from the collection and translated it. This is one key factor in determining the composition date of the Mahāvairocana-sūtra. A later account from 834 (fasc. 2 of the Liangbu dafa xiangcheng shizi fufa ji 兩部大法相承師資付法記; T 2081) however, states Śubhakarasiṃha in 719 brought a Sanskrit copy of the text (大毘盧遮梵夾經) to China. The catalog of texts brought back to Japan by Ennin 圓仁 (794–864) includes Wuxingʼs letter to China from India 南荊州沙門無行在天竺國致於唐國書一卷 (see T 2167). An important line from this letter is preserved in the Shingon shūkyō jigi 眞言宗教時義 by Annen 安然 (841–915?), reporting that recently in India the new Mantra teachings had become highly revered (近者新有眞言教法擧國崇仰). In light of Xuanzangʼs 玄奘 lack of mention of Mantrayāna in India, this witness account from India in the latter half of the seventh century is important in dating the emergence of early Tantra (Yoritomi 1999: 37).

    References:

    Yamamoto Shōichirō 山本匠一郎. 2012. “Dainichikyōno shiryō to kenkyūshi gaikan 『大日經』の資料と研究史概觀 .” Gendai mikkyō現代密教  23 : 73–102.

    Yoritomi Motohiro  頼富本宏. 1999. “Mikkyō no kakuritsu密教の確立 .”  In Tachikawa, Musashi,  Motohiro Yoritomi, eds. Indo mikkyō. Tokyo:  Shunjūsha. 32–56.

    [Jeffrey Kotyk; source(s): Yamamoto, Yoritomi, FGD]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura) 1319a

    Fo Guang Dictionary 5084

    Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa) 0760

    Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa) {Digital Version}

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    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 2008-03-12

    Updated: 2016-02-29