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百丈淸規

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: Baizhangʼs Pure Rules

Senses:

  • (Also see discussion under 敕修百丈淸規) The Baizhang qinggui. Baizhang 百丈 (720–814 CE), chief among of the eighty-four principal disciples of Mazu 馬祖, set up a monastery at Daxiong Mountain 大雄峯, Jiangxi province and then formulated regulations for his community to suit the particular needs of Chinese monastic life in a Chan monastery. Although Baizhang was not the first monk to produce a set of standardized regulations for Chinese monks, it is generally acknowledged that the Pure Regulations 淸規 formulated by him had a strong impact on Chinese monastic life. This can be seen from the fact that although the original text in written form was lost, its contents have been summarized and restated in different versions of the Pure Regulations and the relevant historical records. The earliest independent historical record of the essence of the Bai Zhang Pure Regulations is a short text found in the Chanmen Code 禪門規式 (T 2076.51.250c27). This text reveals the basic pattern of Chan monastic life that took shape between the Tang and the Northern Song dynasties around the ninth century CE. Special emphasis in it is placed on genuine awakening, communal meditation, open debate, frugality and manual labor. The most important and more comprehensive versions of the Pure Regulations were:
    1. the Chanyuan Pure Regulations 禪苑淸規/ the Chongning Pure Regulations 崇寧淸規 by Zong Yi 宗赜
    2. , (X111:875a-943a),
    3. the General Provisions of Jiaoding Pure Regulations for Chan Monastery 叢林校定淸規總要 by Wei Mian 惟勉
    4. (X112–1a-60a),
    5. the Zhida Pure Regulations 至大淸規/the Obligation of the Pure Regulations for Chan Monasteries 禪林備用淸規 by Yixian 弌咸
    6. (X112:60b-149a),
    7. the Pure Regulations Recollected under Emperorʼs Edict (Yuan monastic code) 敕修百丈淸規 compiled by De Hui 德輝 in 1335 (T 2025.48.1109–1160),
    8. the Baizhangʼs Pure Regulations for Large Monastery with Explanatory Note 百丈叢林淸規證義, Yi Run
    9. . (X111:579a-874b).
    Some scholars question the authenticity of the Baizhang qinggui, arguing that the Chan traditionʼs claim of a long lineage was used as a legitimating factor. See Griffith T. Foulk, “Chanyuan qinggui and Other Rules of Purity in Chinese Buddhism,” in The Zen Canon: Understanding the Classic Texts, edited by Steven Heine and Dale S. Wright, (New York: Oxford University Press, 2004), 280–283. [J. Yin, Lisa Kochinski; source(s): Ui, Yokoi, JEBD]
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    [Dictionary References]

    Chūgoku bukkyōshi jiten (Kamata) 318

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 892

    Bulgyo sajeon 259a

    Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.) 1050b

    A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki) 118

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 122b/133

    Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi) 244

    Fo Guang Dictionary 2489

    Ding Fubao {Digital Version}

    Bussho kaisetsu daijiten (Ono) ⑨160b

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)3736b, (v.9-10)48c

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 1472-2

    Copyright provisions

    The rights to textual segments (nodes) of the DDB are owned by the author indicated in the brackets next to each segment. For rights regarding the compilation as a whole, please contact Charles Muller. Please do not reproduce without permission. And please do not copy into Wikipedia without proper citation!

    Entry created: 2007-01-10

    Updated: 2021-06-15