Digital Dictionary of Buddhism

DDB Top Page 
 
 
  XML source

解深密經

Pronunciations

Basic Meaning: Sutra on Understanding Profound and Esoteric Doctrine

Senses:

  • Or Sutra of the Explication of the Underlying Meaning; Ch. Jie shenmi jing; Skt. Saṃdhinirmocana-sūtra. Tib. dgongs pa nges par 'grel pa (Derge Work No. 106, Vol. 49) . The single most important scriptural source for the doctrines of the Yogâcāra school 瑜伽行派—the rest of its most important texts being treatises. It provides the authoritative discussions regarding the nature of the store consciousness 阿賴耶識, the meaning of consciousness-only 唯識, the three natures of knowing 三性, the two kinds of meditation 止觀, the stages of the bodhisattva path 五位, and the bodies of the Buddha 佛身. An outline of its contents by chapter is as follows (based on T 676):
    1. Preface 序品. Vairocana 廬舍那 Buddha in his body of enjoyment for others 他受用身 delivers his sermon in the lotus store realm of the eighteen perfections of the reward body 十八圓滿; his audience includes Maitreya 彌勒, Mañjuśrī 文殊 and other great bodhisattvas in the final stage 極位, and explains that the speaker and the audience are at a higher level than other sutras.
    2. Chapter on the Definitions of the Ultimate Truth 勝義諦相品. This chapter is divided into four parts. The ultimate truth 勝義諦, i.e., thusness 眞如 is beyond linguistic discriminations and discursive thought 尋伺.
    3. Chapter on the Characteristics of Consciousness 心意識相品. The characteristics of the ālayavijñāna 阿賴耶識 and the first six consciousnesses 六識 are explained. All phenomena are produced from the seeds 種子 in the ālayavijñāna. The ālayavijñāna is the basis for the understanding of dependent arising 緣起.
    4. Chapter on the Characteristics of All Dharmas 一切法相品. All dharmas are produced from the three natures of fabricated 遍計所執性, other-dependent 依他起性, and perfected 圓成實性.
    5. Chapter of the Characteristics of Non-natures 無自性相品. Each of the three natures explained above is shown to have a corresponding non-nature, which are the non-nature of characteristics 相無性, the non-nature of arising 生無性, and the non-nature of the ultimate truth 勝義無性. Thus, there is no nature of phenomena 法無自性. He also explains the doctrinal classification according to the three time periods 三時教判.
    6. Chapter on the Yoga of Distinctions of Yoga 分別瑜伽品. There are distinctions between true nature and phenomena, between the natures and characteristics of consciousness; outside of the mind there are no separate phenomena.
    7. Chapter on the Perfections of the Grounds 地波羅蜜品. The bodhisattvas' ten grounds 菩薩十地 and the ten perfections 十波羅蜜行 are taught.
    8. Chapter on the Accomplishments of the Completion of the Tathāgata 如來成所作事品. The characteristics of the body of the Tathāgata 如來法身 and the functions of the transformation body 化身 are shown.
    It is thought that the sutra was put together around 300 C.E. a little after the time of Nāgârjuna 龍樹, during the middle period of Mahāyāna sūtras. Chinese translations include:
    1. Bodhiruci (深密解脫經, 5 fasc. T 675.16.668–687; trans. in 514) [complete] [Chinese Buddhist Canonical Attributions Database]
    2. Xuanzang (解深密經, 5 fascicles. T 676.16.688b-711b, trans. in 647) [complete] [Chinese Buddhist Canonical Attributions Database]
    3. Guṇabhadra (相續解脫地波羅蜜了義經 1 fasc. T 678.16.711–719; trans. between 435–443) [partial, corresponds to the tenth chapter] [Chinese Buddhist Canonical Attributions Database]
    4. Guṇabhadra 相續解脫如來所作隨順處了義經, T 679 [partial, corresponds to the ninth chapter] [Chinese Buddhist Canonical Attributions Database]
    5. Paramârtha (佛說解節經, 1 fasc. T 677.16.711–713; trans. in 557) [partial] [Chinese Buddhist Canonical Attributions Database]
    There is no Sanskrit edition available, but there is a Tibetan translation, which is translated into English by John Powers. There is an English translation from the Chinese by John Keenan, and a French translation by Lamotte, based on Xuanzang and the Tibetan versions. For commentaries, see 解深密經疏.

    References

    Keenan, John P. 2000. The Scripture on Explanation of the Underlying Meaning. Berkeley:  Numata Center for Translation and Research.

    Lamotte, Étienne. 1935. Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra - L'explication des Mystères. Louvain:  Bibliotèque de l'Université.

    Powers, John. 1994. Wisdom of Buddha: The Saṃdhinirmocana Sūtra. Berkeley:  Dharma Publishing.

    [Charles Muller, Dan Lusthaus, Billy Brewster; source(s): Kamata, Ui, Hirakawa, YBh-Ind, JEBD, Iwanami, DZKDJT]
  • Search SAT
  • Search INBUDS Database

  • Feedback

    [Dictionary References]

    Chūgoku bukkyōshi jiten (Kamata) 088

    Bukkyō jiten (Ui) 233

    Bulgyo sajeon 923a

    The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue {digital}

    Iwanami bukkyō jiten 224

    Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) 71b/79

    Fo Guang Dictionary 5601

    Ding Fubao

    Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa) 1068

    Bussho kaisetsu daijiten (Ono) ③101d/③102a/③99a*

    Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki) (v.1-6)883a

    Bukkyō daijiten (Oda) 432-3

    Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)



    Entry created: 1993-09-01

    Updated: 2019-07-18