三十二相

Readings

Pinyin: sānshíèr xiàng

Wade-Giles: san-shih-erh hsiang

Hangul: 삼십이상

Korean MC: samsibi sang

Korean MR: samsibi sang

Katakana: サンジュウニソウ

Hepburn: sanjūni sō

thirty-two marks

• The thirty-two distinctive bodily characteristics of a Buddha. (Skt. dvātriṃśan mahā-puruṣa-lakṣaṇāni, dvātriṃśadvaralakṣaṇa). The thirty-two distinguishing marks on the body of a Buddha; also called "marks of a great personage" 大丈夫相 (which are also supplemented by the eighty minor marks 八十隨好.). Various texts give slightly differing sets of thirty-two. Below is a representative set, from the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra:
  1. feet that are firmly planted on the earth with balance (足下安平立相; 足善安住等案地相; supratiṣṭhita-pāda);
  2. dharmacakra on the soles (足下二輪相; 雙足下現千輻輪相; cakrāṅkita-hasta-pāda-tala).
  3. long, slender fingers (長指相; 纖長指相; dīrghāṅguli),
  4. slender limbs (足跟趺長相; āyata-pāda-pārṣṇi),
  5. webbed fingers and toes (手足指縵網相; 手足網縵相; jālāvanaddha-hasta-pāda),
  6. flexible limbs (手足柔軟相; 手足細軟相; mṛdu-taruṇa-hasta-pāda-tala),
  7. long legs (足趺高滿相; ucchaṅkha-pāda),
  8. slender legs like those of an antelope. (伊泥延腨相; 瑿泥耶踹相; aiṇeya-jaṅgha),
  9. arms extending past the knees (正立手摩膝相; 立手摩膝相; sthitānavanata-pralamba-bāhutā),
  10. a concealed penis (陰藏相; 勢峰藏密相 kośopagata-vasti-guhya),
  11. arm-span equal to the height of the body, such that the circumference of the extremities is circular (身廣長等相; 身相圓滿如諾瞿陀 nyagrodha-parimaṇḍala),
  12. hair standing straight up (毛上向相; 身毛上靡相, ūrdhvaṃga-roma),
  13. one hair in each pore (一一孔一毛生相; 身諸毛孔一一毛生相, ekaika-roma-pradakṣiṇāvarta),
  14. golden body (金色相, 身皮金色相; suvarṇa-varṇa),
  15. light radiating from the body (大光相); also given as "an aura that always radiates a fathom's distance" (常光一尋相)
  16. delicate skin (細薄皮相; sūkṣma-suvarṇa-cchavi); skin that is fine and smooth such that dirt does not stick 身皮細滑塵垢不著相.
  17. legs, palms, shoulders, and neck of the same proportions (七處隆滿相, 七處皆滿相; sapta-utsada)
  18. swollen armpits (兩腋下隆滿相; citāntarāṃsa); or broad-shouldered (citântarâṃsa; 髆間充實相)
  19. a dignified body like that of a lion [king] (上身如獅子相; 身上半如師子王相; siṃha-pūrvārdha kāya),
  20. an erect body 大直身相 (ṛjugātratā); or, a tall and straight body (bṛhad-ṛju-gātra, 身分洪直)
  21. full shoulders (肩圓好相, 肩善圓滿相; susaṃvṛta-skandha),
  22. forty teeth, all even (具四十齒皆悉齊平; catvāriṃśad-danta),
  23. teeth with no spaces between (avirala-danta; 齒無隙)
  24. four white canine teeth 牙白相; or pure white teeth 齒鮮白; (suśukla-danta)
  25. full cheeks like those of a lion (獅子頰相, 頷如師子; siṃha-hanu),
  26. flavored saliva 味中得上味相 (rasa-rasāgratā),
  27. a broad and flat tongue (舌廣薄, 大舌相; prabhūta-tanu-jihva).
  28. a beautiful voice (大梵音, 梵聲相 (brahma-svara),
  29. blue eyes (目紺青, 眞靑眼相; abhinīla-netra),
  30. eyelashes like a bull (睫如牛王, 牛眼睫相; go-pakṣmā).
  31. white tuft of shining hair between the eyebrows (白毛相; 眉間毫相其色光白螺文, ūrṇā-keśa);
  32. A tuft, or excrescence on the crown (頂上現烏瑟膩沙, 頂髻相; uṣṇīṣa-śiraskatā). 〔瑜伽論 T 1579.30.566c1〕
  Other alternatives include:
  1. a body not bent over (an-avanata-kāya; 身不僂曲相)
  2. he has the most excellent ability of taste (rasa-rasāgratā; 於諸味中得最上味)
  〔瑜伽論 T 1579.30.334a20〕 Also written 三十二大人相.

  Soothill-Hodous list: level feet, thousand-spoke wheel-sign on feet, long slender fingers, pliant hands and feet, toes and fingers finely webbed, full-sized heels, arched insteps, thighs like a royal stag, hands reaching below the knees well-retracted male organ, height and stretch of arms equal, every hair-root dark colored, body hair graceful and curly, golden-hued body, a 10 ft. halo around him, soft smooth skin, the 七處, i.e. two soles, two palms, two shoulders, and crown well rounded, below the armpits well-filled, lion-shaped body, erect, full shoulders, forty teeth, teeth white even and close, the four canine teeth pure white, lion-jawed, saliva improving the taste of all food, tongue long and broad, voice deep and resonant, eyes deep blue, eyelashes like a royal bull, a white ūrnā or curl between the eyebrows emitting light, an uṣṇīṣa or fleshy protuberance on the crown. These are from the 三藏法數 48, with which the 大智度論 4, 涅盤經 28, 中阿含經, 三十二相經 generally agree. The 無量義經 has a different list. These are a subset of the 140 distinctive characteristics of a tathāgata 百四十不共佛法. (Skt. dvātriṃśad-vara-lakṣaṇa, dvātriṃśal-lakṣaṇa, dvātriṃśan-mahā-puruṣa-lakṣaṇa; Pāli dvattiṃsa-lakkhaṇāni; Tib. mtshan sum cu rtsa gnyis)

  [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Yokoi, Soothill, FGD, JEBD, Hirakawa, YBh-Ind]
• les trente-deux marques [du Grand Homme] [resp. Paul Swanson]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 361

Bulgyo sajeon, 412a

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 398b

Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 318

A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki), 306

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 255a/282

Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 581

Zengo jiten (Iriya and Koga), 6-P97, 9-P83

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 472d

Fo Guang Dictionary, 507

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0020

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)1554c, (v.9-10)904a

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 591-2*635-2*1474-1-10

Lokakṣema's Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā, 402

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2013-08-13