修惑

Readings

Pinyin: xiūhuò

Wade-Giles: hsiu-huo

Hangul: 수혹

Korean MC: suhok

Korean MR: suhok

Katakana: シュワク

Hepburn: shuwaku

tu hoặc

mental disturbances (afflictions) countered in the path of cultivation

• Deeply embedded, innate afflictions, that can operate prior to the level of discriminative thought (also rendered as written 思惑 and 事惑). The complement of the conceptual afflictions 見惑. These perceptive afflictions are possessed by sentient beings at birth and are thus removable only through the deeply penetrating practices of the path of cultivation 修道, whereas the conceptual afflictions can be eliminated in the path of seeing 見道. (Skt. bhāvanā-mārga-prahātavya-kleśa). According to the Abhidharmakośa-bhāṣya, this group includes greed 貪, anger 瞋, arrogance 慢 and ignorance 無明 toward the sensory realm, which produce defiled attachment and aversion. These afflictions are said to arise in nine levels of the three realms, and are gradually eliminated as one passes through the stages of once-returner 斯陀含, nonreturner 阿那含 and arhat 阿羅漢. Thus, there are altogether eighty-one varieties, called 八十一品修惑. 〔倶舎論, T 1558.29.122b13 〕

  Yogâcāra recognizes the same initial set of twelve afflictions as defined in Abhidharma, and adds mistaken belief in a real self along with extreme views in each of the three realms, to come up with a total of sixteen. According to Yogâcāra explanations, these afflictions, which show themselves as confusion in regard to the nature of manifest phenomena, are equivalent in meaning to the innate afflictions 倶生煩惱—the afflictions that one is born with.

  In Tiantai, the 思惑 and 見惑 are taken together as one of the three kinds of mental disturbances 三惑.

  [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, JEBD]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 485

Bulgyo sajeon, 495a

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 518c

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 304b/338

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 627d

Fo Guang Dictionary, 4047

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0138

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)2537b,950c,5085c

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 843-1

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2013-12-13