十二因緣

Readings

Pinyin: shíèr yīnyuán

Wade-Giles: shih-erh yin-yüan

Hangul: 십이인연

Korean MC: sibi inyeon

Korean MR: sibi inyŏn

Katakana: ジュウニインネン

Hepburn: jūni innen

thập nhị nhân duyên

twelve links of dependent arising

• (Skt. dvādaśa-astanga pratītyasamutpāda). When inquiring into what it is that gives rise to human suffering, the Buddha found it to be a continuum of twelve phases of conditioning in a regular order. These twelve limks of conditioned existence are:
  1. 無明 (avidyā) nescience (ignorance, unenlightenment);
  2. 行 (saṃskāra), action-intentions; action, activity, conception, karmic predispositions
  3. 識 (vijñāna) consciousness;
  4. 名色 (nāmarūpa) name and form;
  5. 六處 (ṣaḍāyatana) the six-fold sphere of sense contact;
  6. 觸 (sparśa) contact;
  7. 受 (vedanā) sensation, feeling;
  8. 愛 (tṛṣṇā) thirst, desire, craving;
  9. 取 (upādāna) grasping, appropriation;
  10. 有 (bhava) becoming, being, existing;
  11. 生 (jāti) birth;
  12. 老死 (jarāmaraṇa) old age and death (impermanence).
  In this order, the prior situation is the condition for the arising of the next situation. Also, in the same order, if the prior condition is extinguished, the next condition is extinguished. Also written as 十二緣起; 十二有支; 十二率連; 十二棘園; 十二輪; 十二重城; 十二觀; 支佛觀. The classical formula reads "By reason of nescience dispositions; by reason of dispositions consciousness," etc. A further application of the twelve nidānas is made in regard to their causation of rebirth: (1) nescience, as inherited affliction from the beginningless past; (2) karma, good and evil, of past lives; (3) conception as a form of perception; (4) nāmarūpa, or body and mind evolving (in the womb); (5) the six organs on the verge of birth; (6) childhood whose intelligence is limited to sparśa, contact or touch; (7) receptivity or budding intelligence and discrimination from 6 or 7 years; (8) thirst, desire, or love, age of puberty; (9) the urge of sensuous existence; (10) forming the substance, bhava, of future karma; (11) the completed karma ready for rebirth; (12) old age and death. The two first are associated with the previous life, the other ten with the present. The theory is equally applicable to all realms of reincarnation. The twelve links are also represented in a chart, at the center of which are the serpent (anger), boar (nescience, or stupidity), and dove (lust) representing the fundamental sins. Each catches the other by the tail, typifying the train of sins producing the wheel of life. In another circle the twelve links are represented as follows: (1) nescience, a blind woman; (2) action, a potter at work, or man gathering fruit; (3) consciousness, a restless monkey; (4) name and form, a boat; (5) sense organs, a house; (6) contact, a man and woman sitting together; (7) sensation, a man pierced by an arrow; (8) desire, a man drinking wine; (9) craving, a couple in union; (10) existence through childbirth; (11) birth, a man carrying a corpse; (12) disease, old age, death, an old woman leaning on a stick. See 十二因緣論 Pratītya-samutpāda śāstra. (Skt. *dvādaśa-nidāna, dvādaśâṅgaḥ pratītya-samutpādaḥ, dvādaśa-pratītya-samutpāda)[resp. cmuller; source(s): Nakamura, JEBD,Yokoi, Hirakawa, Iwanami]
• les douze relations de causalite[resp. Paul Swanson]
• l'ignorance, les constructions psychiques, la conscience, le non-forme, les six facultés sensorielles, la prise de contact, les sensations, la soif, l'appropriation, l'existence, la naissance, la vieillesse et la mort [resp. Paul Swanson]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 507

Bulgyo sajeon, 537a

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 491b

Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 396

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha) , 151b/168

Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 310

Zen Dust (Sasaki), 308

Zengo jiten (Iriya and Koga), 9-P209

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 656c

Fo Guang Dictionary, 337

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0215

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)2321c, (v.9-10)371b,355c

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 92-1*930-1

Lokakṣema's Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (Karashima), 428

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2013-01-29