四分律
Readings
Pinyin: Sìfēn lǜ
Wade-Giles: Ssu-fen lu
Hangul: 사분율
Korean MC: Sabun yul
Korean MR: Sabun yul
Katakana: シブンリツ
Hepburn: Shibun ritsu
Four Part Vinaya
- Or Vinaya of the Four Categories. (Skt. *Dharmaguptaka-vinaya, *Cāturvargīya-vinaya) The Sifen lu; 60 volumes, T 1428, K 896. The influential Vinaya text transmitted from the Dharmagupta school 法藏部. Translated by Buddhayaśas 佛陀耶舍 (408–413 CE) and Fonian 竺佛念 (412–413 CE). Related Vinaya texts include T 1429–1434. Along with the Sarvâstivāda vinaya 十誦律 (T 1435), the Mahīśāsaka Vinaya 五分律 (T 1421) and the Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya 摩訶僧祇律 (T 1425), one of the four major Vinaya works transmitted to East Asia. This work investigates the origins and causes by which the prātimokṣas 波羅提木叉 enumerate the offenses of the precepts of the bhikṣus and bhikṣuṇīs—especially distinguishing the reasons for the lightness and heaviness of punishments. There is also detailed explanation consisting of two parts (skandhaka) dealing with various concrete regulations concerning activities of everyday life, of ceremonies, rules of behavior. These are divided along the lines of stopping of evil 止惡, and the cultivation of goodness 作善. These explanations are given in four parts, from which the text derives its name.
- For the monks: the four grave offenses 四波羅夷法, the thirteen crimes against the saṃgha 十三僧殘, the two indeterminates 二不定法, the thirty offenses requiring expatiation and forfeiture 三十捨墮法, the ninety offenses requiring expatiation 九十單墮法, the four offenses regarding meals 四提舍尼法, the hundred admonishments for polishing conduct 衆學法, and the seven methods for resolving disputes 七滅諍法.
- For the nuns: the eight grave offenses (尼律)八波羅夷法, the seventeen crimes against the saṃgha (尼律)十七僧殘法, the thirty offenses requiring expatiation and forfeiture (尼律)三十捨墮法, the 178 offenses requiring only expatiation (尼律)百七十八單墮法, the eight offenses regarding meals (尼律)八提舍尼法, the hundred methods of polishing behavior (尼律)百衆學法, the seven methods of resolving disputes (尼律)七滅諍法. From here, the text is divided into explanatory sections, called skandhaka 犍度. These sections deal with the following items, extending through the remaining sections of the text: ordination 受戒, teaching the precepts 說戒, and retreats 安居.
- The third part continues with these explanations, including teachings regarding self-indulgence 自恣, regulations on the use of leather goods 皮革, clothing 衣, medicines 藥, handling of clothing during the retreat 迦締那衣, struggles between persons 拘睒彌, admonitions of improper behavior 瞻波, rebuking quarrelsome monks 呵責, correction of minor crimes 人, remedies for those who conceal their crimes 覆藏, dealing with offenses not treated at the uposatha 遮, the destruction of the saṃgha 破僧, resolution of disputes 滅諍, reception of the nuns precepts 比丘尼, ritual performances 法
- residence, boarding, bedding, etc. 房舍, miscellany 雜 (tools, implements and so forth), precepts theory 集法 (history of the development of the precepts and so forth), treatment of special occurrences 調部, technical terminology 毘尼增一. Although the number of precepts are generally explained to be 250 for monks in Buddhism, it is actually only this text that teaches that number—along with 348 for nuns.
Important commentaries include T 1804 (四分律刪繁補闕行事鈔), 1805 (四分律行事鈔資持記). [Derived from the entry in the Daizōkyō Jiten by 中根洋雅. ]
[resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill, JEBD, DZKZKS, Hirakawa, Iwanami]
Dictionary References:
Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 420
Bulgyo sajeon, 361a
The Korean Buddhist Canon: A Descriptive Catalogue, {digital}
Chūgoku bukkyōshi jiten (Kamata), 138
Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 462a
Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 373
Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 273a/300
Zen Dust (Sasaki), 177, 424
Fo Guang Dictionary, 1665
Ding Fubao
Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0279
Bussho kaisetsu daijiten (Ono), ④220a*/④220d
Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)1990a,1289a,2665a
Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 757-1
(Soothill's) Dictionary of Chinese Buddhist Terms, 171
Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller
generated: 2013-12-28