戒

Readings

Pinyin: jiè

Wade-Giles: chieh

Hangul: 계

Korean MC: gye

Korean MR: kye

Katakana: カイ

Hepburn: kai

giới

precepts

• Behavioral discipline; moral discipline; morality (Skt. śīla; Tib. tshul khrims); also written as 戒律. The rules of religious discipline, transliterated into Chinese as 尸羅. Warnings, precautions, precepts, prohibitions, disciplines, rules（Skt. prātimokṣa, vinaya）. In Buddhism, practice of the precepts is one of the "three practices" 三學 and one of the six perfections 六波羅蜜. It is the aspect of the Buddhist teachings which focuses on the nurturance of morality. Many Mahāyāna texts list the practice of the precepts as the most fundamental practice, after which one may engage properly in the practice of samādhi 定 (concentration) and prajñā (wisdom) 慧.

  There are various sets of rules provided for practitioners who are engaged in various degrees of commitment to Buddhism, at various levels, and from the perspective of differences in gender. For example, there are the five basic precepts for lay practitioners 五戒, the eight 八戒, the basic ten for monks and nuns 十戒, and the full set for monks 具足戒. Those for a nun are 348, commonly called 500. The precepts in Mahāyāna are defined primarily in the Sutra of Brahmā's Net which gives the ten grave precepts (Esoteric Buddhism also has ten grave precepts) 十重戒, and forty-eight minor precepts. The Sarvâstivādins did not sanction the observance of a limited selection from them as did the Satyasiddhi school 成實宗. Each of the five precepts has five guardian spirits, in all twenty-five, 五戒二十五神. Buddhism has a variety of pairs of precepts, listed under 二戒.

  [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, Stephen Hodge, JEBD, Soothill, Hirakawa, Yokoi, Iwanami]
• To warn, to caution, to guard against. [resp. Charles Muller]
• (Skt. saṃvara, śikṣā; anuśāsanī, upavāsa, niyama, vrata, śikṣā-pada, śikṣā-saṃvara, śīlaya, śīla-saṃvara, śīlâṅga, saṃyama, saṃvara-pariśodhana, saṃvṛt, saṃvṛta, samācāra; Pāli sīla) [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Hirakawa]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 127

Bulgyo sajeon, 39a

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 133d

Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 100

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 155a/172

Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 317

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 162d

Fo Guang Dictionary, 2896

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0520

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)373a,388a, (v.9-10)87b,989c

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 156-3*567-1-18*1740-2-26

Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2013-12-28