有漏

Readings

Pinyin: yǒulòu

Wade-Giles: yu-lou

Hangul: 유루

Korean MC: yuru

Korean MR: yuru

Katakana: ウロ

Hepburn: uro

hữu lậu

contaminated

• Tainted. (Skt. sāsrava, āsrava; Tib. zag pa dang bcas pa) Literally translated into Chinese as "leaking." It is a term that is borrowed roughly into Buddhism from Jainism that originally refers to the presence of karmic accretions on the soul (jīva). In Buddhism it is has the meaning of being flawed, tainted, or contaminated, and because of this, is, when used in a loose or colloquial sense, conflated with such notions as kleśa (煩惱, 染汚) that refer to direct influence from evil activities or factors (akuśala, 不善, 惡; it is quite common for modern translators of Buddhist texts to miss this distinction and conflate the notions of contamination and affliction).1 However, strictly speaking, the notion of āsrava does not imply that the consciousnesses, or the mental factors involved are necessarily unwholesome or afflicted. Rather, the point is that they have some sort of intent involved—"the fulfillment of some sort of desire, noble or ignoble, is anticipated."2 This means that a person could be engaged in wholesome activities such as chastity, donation, and so forth, but that these could still be tainted by goal-orientation. Āsrava, then, is a condition associated with the state of nescience 無明 which allows the consciousnesses to be tricked by the illusions of subject and object, like and dislike.

  By contrast, the enlightened mind is able to operate without being driven by desire, and is anāsrava 無漏. Thus, the distinction between "contaminated" and "uncontaminated" is analogous to that seen between unenlightened 俗 and enlightened 聖. Enomoto (1978-83) points out that if the term is taken in the sense of its Chinese rendering as "leaking in," then the Buddhist interpretation is actually not that far from the original Jain understanding, in that what ends up being "tainted" is nothing other than one's own consciousness. (Skt. sāsravā dharmāḥ, sānusrava, samala, laukika, sāsrava; bhavâsrava; Pāli sasava)

  [resp. Charles Muller, Dan Lusthaus, F. Enomoto; ref. Nakamura, Yokoi, Hirakawa, JEBD]
• The contamination that is associated with the form realm (rather than the desire realm or formless realm); see 三漏. [resp. Charles Muller]
• In the Madhyamâgama, "tainted existence."[resp. Marcus Bingenheimer]

• References

  Alsdorf, Ludwig Les Études Jaina - état présent et taches futuresParis Collège de France1965 4-5

  Bareau, AndréRecherches sur la biographie du Buddha dans les Sūtrapiṭaka et Vinayapiṭaka anciens: De la quête de l'éveil à la conversion de MaudgalyāyanaParis PEFEO1963 81–90

  Bronkhorst, JohannesThe Two Traditions of Meditation in Ancient IndiaDelhi MLBD1993 102-4 (2nd ed.)

  Buescher, Hartmut The Inception of Yogācāra-Vijñānavāda ViennaAustrian Academy of Science 2008

  Enomoto FumioOn āsrava āsrava について Indogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū53/27-11978158-9

  Enomoto FumioOn the Origin of āsrava, mainly in the Senior Canons of the Jainas āsrava (漏)の成立について主にジャイナ教古層経典におけ Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū22-11979 17–42

  Enomoto FumioDevelopment of the Thought of āsrava in the Early Buddhist Scriptures 初期仏典におけるāsrava (漏) Nanto Bukkyō501983

  Kashiwahara NobuyukiOn āsrava漏に就いてIndogaku Bukkyōgaku Kenkyū52/26-21978 146-7

  Norman, K. R.Aspects of Early Buddhism Earliest Buddhism and MadhyamakaLeiden E.J. Brill1990 24–35

  Norman, K. R.Buddhism and Its Origins A Philological Approach to BuddhismLondon SOAS1997 21–39

  Schmithausen, LambertOn some aspects of descriptions or theories of liberating insight and enlightenment in Early Buddhism Bruhn K u. Wezler A. (Hg.) Studien zum Jainismus und Buddhismus: Gedenkschrift Ludwig AlsdorfWiesbaden Franz Steiner1981 204-8 Alt- u. Neuindische Studien; 23

  Schmithausen, LambertAn Attempt to Estimate the Distance in Time between Aśoka and the Buddha in Terms of Doctrinal History The Dating of the Historical Buddha/Die Datierung des historischen Buddha194 Göttingen Vandenhoeck and Ruprecht1992 110–147 Abhandlungen der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Göttingen

  Schubring, WaltherThe Doctrine of the JainasDelhi MLBD1962 English translation of Die Lehre der Jainas.

  Zafirpulo, GhiorgoL'Illumination du Buddha: De la Quête à l'Annonce de l'EveilInnsbruck Verlags des Instituts für Sprachwissenschaft der Universität Innsbruck1993 95-103, 125-7 Essais de chronologie relative et de stratigraphie textuelle

  Wayman, AlexAsrava: How Dies it Flow? M.A. Dhaky and Sagarmal Jain Pt. Dalsukhbhai Malvania Felicitation VolumeI Varanasi P.V. Research Institute1991

  [resp. Charles Muller]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 65

Bulgyo sajeon, 666a

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 70b

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 326a/363

Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 815

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 89a

Fo Guang Dictionary, 2452

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0632

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)1700c

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 122-2*859-1-4*1818-1-3

Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)

Notes

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2014-05-17