沙門
Readings
Pinyin: shāmén
Wade-Giles: sha-men
Hangul: 사문
Korean MC: samun
Korean MR: samun
Katakana: シャモン
Hepburn: shamon
sa môn
śramaṇa
- Transliteration of the Sanskrit, meaning "a Buddhist monk" (or nun). A wanderer (Pāli samaṇa; Tib. dge sbyong). A world-renunciant religious practitioner striving for liberation. Originally in India, śramaṇa was a general term for a person who had shaved his head, renounced his worldly status and possessions and who trained his mind and body in the attempt to stop evil activities and strive for the good. It originally referred to non-Buddhist practitioners such as the Jains, who based their beliefs on the Vedas and Upanishads. Translated into Chinese with such terms as 息, 息心, 靜志, 淨志, 乏道, 貧道, 動息, 功勞, 勤息, 淨志, 貧道 etc. Also transliterated as 桑門; 娑門; 喪門; 沙門那; 舍羅磨拏; 沙迦懣曩; 室摩那拏, 舍囉摩拏. 〔長阿含經、 T 1.107a〕 (Skt. śrāmaṇaka, śrāmaṇya, śrāmaṇera, pravrajita) [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura,Hirakawa, JEBD, Yokoi, Soothill, YBh-Ind,Iwanami]
- Ascetics of all kinds; "the Sarmanai, or Samanaioi, or Germanai of the Greeks, perhaps identical also with the Tungusian Saman or Shaman." (Eitel) [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
- Buddhist monks "who "have left their families and quitted the afflictions," the Semnoi of the Greeks." (Eitel) "He must keep well the Truth, guard well every uprising (of desire), be uncontaminated by outward attractions, be merciful to all and impure to none, be not elated to joy nor harrowed by distress, and able to bear whatever may come." The Sanskrit root is śram, to make effort; exert oneself, do austerities. [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Soothill]
Dictionary References:
Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 469
Bulgyo sajeon, 363a
Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 477a
Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 387
A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki), 330
Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 271a/298
Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 625
Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 601a
Fo Guang Dictionary, 2972
Ding Fubao
Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0711
Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)2180c,3019a,4280a
Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 811-1*1480-2-10
Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)
Lokakṣema's Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (Karashima), 405
Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller
generated: 2013-08-17