波羅夷

Readings

Pinyin: bōluóyí

Wade-Giles: po-lo-i

Hangul: 바라이

Korean MC: barai

Korean MR: parai

Katakana: ハライ

Hepburn: harai

ba la di

pārājika

• Transliteration of the Sanskrit, meaning grave offenses (Pāli pārājika; Tib. pham pa); with the original connotation of the Sanskrit word thought to mean something like "overcome by another" 他勝處; thus, to engage in acts while overcome by affliction. These are offenses for the commission of which a monk or nun will be excommunicated (expelled from the saṃgha with the loss of clerical status), and is guaranteed to fall into hell. The lesser vehicle Vinaya texts list four of these, which are known as the four grave offenses 四波羅夷. These are: (1) engaging in immoral sexual behavior or bestiality (abrahmacarya) 淫; (2) stealing (adattādāna) 盜; (3) killing a human being (vadhahiṃṣa) 殺, and (4) lying 妄 about one's spiritual attainments (uttaramanuṣyadharma-prālapa); some Mahāyāna works offer variant interpretations on the constitution of these four. Also transliterated as 波羅夷法, 波羅夷罪, 波羅闍巳迦, and 波羅市迦. Translated as 根本罪, 他勝, 他勝處, 他勝處法, 極惡, 重禁, 墮, 墮不如, 無餘, 棄, 邊罪 and 斷頭. Cf. 四波羅夷. These comprise one of the five, six, and seven groups of injunctions 五篇, 六聚, 七聚. In the Mahāyāna Vinaya there are other sets of grave violations, including 六重, 八重, and 十重. The esoteric schools also have their own rules. (Skt. pārājayika) 〔倶舍論 T 1559.29.235c25〕 [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura, Soothill, YBh-Ind, JEBD, Yokoi, Hirakawa, Iwanami]
• In his commentary on the Sutra of Brahmā's Net 梵網經, Wonhyo says: "pārājika is translated as "depravation," "not [possible] to share dwellings," "cutting [one's] head" and so forth. However, the meaning of "most extreme [crime]" that is explained in Mahāsāṃghika Vinaya is most appropriate for the context of this text." 〔梵網經菩薩戒本私記 HBJ 1.596b〕[resp. Charles Muller]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 854

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 1031b

Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 666

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 100b/111

Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 204

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 1092a

Fo Guang Dictionary, 3442

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 0720

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)4272c,679a

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 1426-1

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2013-12-18