華嚴經
Readings
Pinyin: Huáyán jīng
Wade-Giles: Hua-yen ching
Hangul: 화엄경
Korean MC: Hwaeom gyeong
Korean MR: Hwaŏm kyŏng
Katakana: ケゴンキョウ
Hepburn: Kegon kyō
Hoa nghiêm kinh
Flower Ornament Sutra
- Or Flower Adornment Sutra; the Huayan jing (Skt. Avataṃsaka-sūtra). One of the most influential sutras in East Asian Buddhism, of which three Chinese translations were done, all with the full title of Dafangguang fo huayan jing 大方廣佛華嚴經. This text describes a cosmos of infinite realms upon realms which mutually contain each other. The vision expressed in this work was the foundation for the creation of the Huayan school 華嚴宗 of Buddhism, which was characterized by a philosophy of interpenetration 圓融. The sutra is well known for its detailed description of the course of the bodhisattva's practice through fifty-two stages. Fragmentary translation of this text probably began in the second century, and the famous "Ten Stages" 十地經 book, often treated as an individual scripture, was first translated in the third century.
Much of the content of the Huayan jing, including such portions as its Book of the Ten Stages, has roots in Yogâcāra discourse, but the text's basic stance advocating innate enlightenment leads to a greater affinity with East Asian tathāgatagarbha and buddha-nature-oriented works such as the Awakening of Mahāyāna Faith, Nirvāṇa Sūtra, Lotus Sutra, etc. Thus the Huayan jing comes to be valued in Tiantai's doctrinal system, and its paradigms are often reflected in the Chan literature of the Song period.
There are three major full-length translations of the sutra:
- The first full translation was completed by Buddhabhadra 佛駄跋陀 around 420 (Avataṃsaka-sūtra; 60 fasc.; T 278.9.395a-788b) , also known also as the 晉經 Jin Sutra, Jin Translation 晉譯 and Old Sutra 舊經.
- The second translation (80 fascicles Avataṃsaka-sūtra; T 279.10.1b-444c) was completed by Śikṣānanda 實叉難陀 around 699. Known also as the Tang sūtra 唐經, the new sūtra 新經, and the eighty-fascicle Avataṃsaka 八十華嚴.
- The third was completed by Prajñā 般若 around 800 (40 fasc.; Gaṇḍavyūha; T 293.10.661a-848b) around 798.
There are numerous commentaries on this text, which are known under the rubric 華嚴部; they include the 華嚴音義 dictionary of the sutra by 慧苑 Huiyuan, about CE 700. Also known as the "Milk Scripture" 乳經. Other attributed Sanskrit titles include: Buddhâvataṃsake mahā-vaipulya-sūtra, Buddhâvataṃsaka, Gaṇḍa-vyūha-sūtra. (Skt. gaṇḍa-vyūha-sūtra, gaṇḍa-vyūha, buddhâvataṃsaka, buddhâvataṃsake mahā-vaipulya-sūtre)[resp. Charles Muller; source(s): JEBD, Hirakawa, Yokoi, Iwanami]
- Kegon-kyō Skt., Mahāvaipulya-baddhā-avataṃsaka-sūtra. (J., Daihōkōbutsu-kegon-kyō). The first sermon which the Buddha preached for Samantabhadra and Mañjuśrī two or three weeks after his becoming enlightened. The main point of this sutra is that all beings have the Buddha-nature and that each phenomenon has a relation to all other phenomena.[resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Yokoi]
Dictionary References:
Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 226
Bulgyo sajeon, 962a
Chūgoku bukkyōshi jiten (Kamata), 81
Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 267b
Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 221
A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki), 181
Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 167b/185
Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 355
Zen Dust (Sasaki), 179, 260, 338
Fo Guang Dictionary, →大方廣佛華嚴經
Ding Fubao
Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 1020
Bussho kaisetsu daijiten (Ono), ③10d*/③11a*/③11b/③8b*
Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)869b,3400b,3403c,4712a
Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 384-1*1800-2
Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller
generated: 2014-02-10