阿羅漢

Readings

Pinyin: āluóhàn

Wade-Giles: alo-han

Hangul: 아라한

Korean MC: arahan

Korean MR: arahan

Katakana: アラカン

Hepburn: arakan

a la hán

arhat

• Also arhan. Worthy, venerable; an enlightened, saintly man; the highest type or ideal saint in Hīnayāna in contrast with the bodhisattva as the saint in Mahāyāna (Tib. dgra bcom pa). Interpreted as 應供 worthy of worship, or respect; as 殺賊 (Skt. arihat, arihan), slayer of the enemy 怨家, i.e. of mortality; for the arhat enters nirvāṇa not to be reborn 不生, having destroyed the bonds to rebirth. He has eliminated all afflictions and reached the stage of not needing any more training 無學 (不學). In early Indian texts, the stage of arhat is the final goal of Buddhist practice—the attainment of nirvāṇa.The fourth and highest stage of the śrāvaka path. Also transliterated as 阿盧漢; 阿羅訶, 阿羅呵; 阿梨呵, 阿黎呵; 羅呵, etc.; cf. 阿夷; 阿畧. Also see the essay on the development of the lohan 羅漢 tradition in China. Also see 六種阿羅漢. (Skt. antyaṃ śrāmaṇya-phalam, arahat,arhattva, arhat-phalin, arhatva, arhantī, śrāvaka) [resp. Charles Muller; source(s): Nakamura,Soothill, Hirakawa, JEBD, Yokoi,Iwanami]
• The Buddha. One of the ten epithets 十號 of the Buddha. [resp. Charles Muller]
• In Mahāyāna texts, the arhat, (or the śrāvaka 聲聞 and pratyekabuddha 辟支佛 who are practicing towards arhatship) are placed in the position of foils for the Mahāyāna hero, the bodhisattva, and thus these practitioners of the two vehicles 二乘, are disparaged as adherents of the "lesser vehicle" 小乘, said to be engaged in practices that are self-centered and incomplete in the wisdom of emptiness. [resp. Charles Muller]
• In the Mahayana Buddhism of Song and Yuan dynasty China, the arhats were venerated as hermit sages who, in their eccentricities and supernormal powers, took on many of the qualities of Daoist immortals. The Chan school in medieval China was especially sympathetic to the arhats because it revered two of them, Mahākāśyapa 摩訶迦葉 and Ānanda 阿難, as the first and second ancestral teachers of the Chan lineage in India. [resp. Griffith Foulk]
• 〔成唯識論 T 1585.31.5a17〕 [resp. Charles Muller]

• Bond, George D. The Development and Elaboration of the Arahant ideal in the Theravāda Buddhist tradition Journal of the American Academy of Religion 52 1984 227–242

  Bond, George D. The Arahant: Sainthood in Theravada Buddhism Sainthood: It's Manifestations in World Religions UC Press 1988

  [resp. Charles Muller]
• arhat [resp. Paul Swanson]

Dictionary References:

Bukkyō jiten (Ui), 15

Bulgyo sajeon, 549a

Zengaku daijiten (Komazawa U.), 10c

Iwanami bukkyō jiten, 15

A Glossary of Zen Terms (Inagaki), 6, 275, 459

Japanese-English Buddhist Dictionary (Daitō shuppansha), 10a/11

Japanese-English Zen Buddhist Dictionary (Yokoi), 13

Bukkyōgo daijiten (Nakamura), 11a

Fo Guang Dictionary, 3692

Ding Fubao

Buddhist Chinese-Sanskrit Dictionary (Hirakawa), 1209

Bukkyō daijiten (Mochizuki), (v.1-6)99a

Bukkyō daijiten (Oda), 40-2*145-2-29

Sanskrit-Tibetan Index for the Yogâcārabhūmi-śāstra (Yokoyama and Hirosawa)

Lokakṣema's Aṣṭasāhasrikā Prajñāpāramitā (Karashima), 4

Copyright © 2010 -- Charles Muller

generated: 2014-02-10